Criminal justice involvement is highly prevalent among people who inject drugs, with an estimated 72.2% reporting a history of incarceration. Black/African American men are also 6 times as likely and Hispanic/Latino men are more than twice as likely as White men to be incarcerated. The rate of incarceration for men is 10 times greater than that for women. One in 7 people living with HIV pass through the criminal justice system each year. Individuals with a history of incarceration have a rate of HIV infection that is 3-5 times that of their nonincarcerated counterparts. Ĭriminal justice–involved individuals in the United States are among the most vulnerable to and heavily impacted by HIV. The most frequent mechanisms of HIV acquisition are sexual contact (88%) and injection drug use (7%-11%). Among MSM, Whites have a 1 in 11 lifetime risk of HIV acquisition, compared to Black/African American men, who have a 1 in 2 risk and Hispanic/Latino MSM, who have a 1 in 5 lifetime risk. Black/African American men account for 39% of new HIV diagnoses, yet represent only 18% of the general male population, and Hispanic/Latino men accounted for 29% of new HIV diagnoses while only making up 13% of the general population. There are also significant racial disparities within the United States among incident cases of HIV annually, with racial and ethnic minorities comprising a disproportionate number of new cases compared to White individuals. Men who have sex with men (MSM), including men who participate in transactional sex with other men, have a high burden of HIV and comprise approximately 70% of all HIV diagnoses. The most frequent mechanisms of HIV acquisition are sexual contact and injection drug use. Men make up the vast majority of new diagnoses, accounting for over 80% of these cases. There are approximately 38,000 new HIV diagnoses in the United States annually.
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